Parole chiave
Start-up circolari
Sostenibilità
Imprenditorialità umana
COVID-19
Come citare
##plugins.generic.dates.accepted## 2023-03-31
##plugins.generic.dates.published## 2023-08-01
Abstract
Scopo. La pandemia di Coronavirus ha mostrato gli enormi limiti del modello dominante che governa l'economia e la società globale sottolineando l'urgente necessità di rivisitarne le fondamenta. In questo contesto, le Piccole e Medie Imprese (PMI), così come le start-up circolari innovative, stanno adottando nuovi modelli di business in cui la cura delle persone, dell'ambiente e della società assume un ruolo chiave.
Design/metodologia/approccio. Questo articolo analizza, attraverso un approccio di studio multiplo, i modelli di business di tre start-up circolari di recente fondazione con l'obiettivo principale di comprendere come contribuiscono a realizzare una società più inclusiva, che pone più attenzione alle persone e rispettosa dell'ambiente.
Risultati. I tre casi studio analizzati mostrano come le start-up circolari, concentrandosi sulla progettazione di prodotti e processi più innovativi per la valorizzazione dei sottoprodotti o dei rifiuti, abbiano creato nuove forme di imprenditorialità in grado di generare impatti sociali positivi diversi da quelli ambientali ed economici.
Implicazioni pratiche e sociali. I risultati mostrano che modelli ambientalmente sostenibili e socialmente innovativi potrebbero supportare meglio le aziende nell'affrontare eventi critici, come la malattia COVID-19, migliorando la propria resilienza e capacità di rispondere adeguatamente a situazioni così difficili.
Originalità dello studio. Questo studio tenta di mettere in luce ulteriormente le start-up circolari e le loro attività. La letteratura internazionale mostra che le start-up circolari sembrano attualmente molto adatte ad adottare strategie circolari dirompenti e i necessari progressi culturali ed etici per la transizione verso l'Economia Circolare (CE). Il loro approccio innovativo potrebbe essere un forte catalizzatore per le grandi aziende già consolidate, stimolandole a sviluppare innovazioni di modelli di business circolari.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Amaeshi, K., Nnodim, P., & Onyeka, O. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, and innovation. Routledge, New York.
Bacq, S., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2021). Social Enterpreneurship and Covid-19. Journal of Management Studies, 58 (1). Doi: 10.1111/joms.12641
Bocken, N.M.P., & Short, S.M. (2021). Unsustainable business models – Recognising and resolving institutionalised social and environmental harm. Journal of Cleaner Production 312, 127128.
Bocken, N.M.P., Strupeit, L., Whalen, K., & Nussholz, J. (2021). A Review and Evaluation of Circular Business Model Innovation Tools. Sustainability, 11, 2210. Doi:10.3390/su11082210
Bocken, N.M.P., & Short. S.W. (2020). Transforming Business Models: Towards a Sufficiency-based Circular Economy. In: Brandão M, Lazarevic D, Finnveden G. eds., 2020. Handbook of the Circular Economy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cheltenham, UK.
Bocken, N.M.P., de Pauw, I., Bakker, C., & van der Grinten, B. (2016). Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy. J. Ind. Prod. Eng. 33 (5), 308–320. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2016.1172124
Borns, L., Brusselaers, J., Vrancken, K. C., Deckmyn, S., & Marynissen, P. (2023). Toward resilient organizations after COVID-19: An analysis of circular and less circular companies. Resource, Conservation & Recycling 188, 106681. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106681
Borzaga, C. & Tallarini, G., Social Enterprises and COVID-19: Navigating between Difficulty and Resilience (September 3, 2021). Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity, 10 (1), 73-83, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3929422.
Bosman, R., & Rotmans, J. (2016). Transition governance towards a bioeconomy: a comparison of Finland and The Netherlands. Sustainability 8 (10), 2016.
Brinkmann, S. (2013). Qualitative interviewing. Oxford University Press. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199861392.001.0001
Ceraulo, S. (2021). From value and purpose, to overcome the Pandemic: MGA of the “Poliambulatorio Risana”, Paper presented at 5th PIBS Workshop, 3-4 December 2021, (pp. 72-92). Urbino University Press.
Ciccullo, F., Pero, M., & Patrucco, A. (2022). Designing circular supply chains in start-up companies: evidence from Italian fashion and construction start-ups. The International Journal of Logistic Management 0957-4093. 10.1108/IJLM-04-2022-0158
Cohen, M.J. (2020). Does the COVID-19 outbreak mark the onset of a sustainable consumption transition? Sustainability: Science Practice and Policy, 16(1), 1-3.
Coppola, C., Vollero, A., & Siano, A. (2023). Developing dynamic capabilities for the circular economy in the textile and clothing industry in Italy: A natural-resource-based view. Business Strategy and the Environment, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3394
Dana, L. P., Demartini, P., Ramadani, V., & Schiuma, G. (2019). Social Capital, Entrepreneurship & Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Piccola Impresa/Small Business, 3. Doi: https://doi.org/10.14596/pisb.369
De Angelis, R., & Feola, R. (2020). Circular business models in biological cycles: The case of an Italian spin-off. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, 119603. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119603
Debiçka, A., Olejniczak, K., & Skąpska, J. (2021). Enterprises’ perception and practice of humane entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 29 (1), 127-146. Doi: 10.1108/JSBED-01-2021-0028
De Keyser, E. & Mathijs E. (2023). A typology of sustainable circular business models with applications in the bioeconomy. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 6:1028877. Doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1028877
Del Baldo M., & Baldarelli M.G. (2019). Serving the Poor: The Case of the EoC Enterprise ‘Mercurio Net’ in Bouckaert, L., & Van den Heuve, S. (Eds), Servant Leadership, Social Entrepreneurship and the Will to Serve. Macmillan, London, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. The Academy of Management Review, 14 (4), 532-550. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/258557
Elkington, J. (1989). Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Capstone. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.3310080106
European Commission, 2020. COMMUNICATION 1 FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS A new Circular Economy Action Plan For a cleaner and more competitive Europe, COM/2020/98 final, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:9903b325-6388-11ea-b735-01aa75ed71a1.0017.02/DOC_1&format=PDF, Last accessed: 20/03/23.
Fioravante, R., D’Anghela, M., & Del Baldo, M. (2021). From Skin Care to Health Care: Female entrepreneurship, profitability and humanistic management in Veralab case. Paper presented at 5th PIBS Workshop, University of Urbino, 3-4 December 2021 (pp 108-123). Urbino University Press.
Gerbaudo, P. (2021). Un nuovo statalismo climatico. IL Mulino Rivista Web, available online at: https://www.rivistailmulino.it/a/un-nuovo-statalismo-climatico. Last accessed: 04/04/2022.
Ghisellini, P., Quinto, I., Passaro, R., & Ulgiati, S. (2022). Evaluating good practices of ecological accounting and auditing in a sample of circular start-ups. Annual European SPES Conference, May 19-21, 2022, Urbino, Italy.
Ghisellini, P., Passaro, R., & Ulgiati, S. (2021a). Revisiting Keynes in the Light of the Transition to Circular Economy. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 1, 143–171. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00016-1
Ghisellini, P., Quinto, I., Passaro, R., & Ulgiati, S. (2022). Exploring the role of circular start-ups in promoting a more sustainable and humane entrepreneurship. Paper presented at 5th PIBS Workshop, University of Urbino, 3-4 December 2021 (pp 124-150). Urbino University Press.
Ghisellini, P., & Ulgiati, S. (2020). Circular economy transition in Italy. Achievements, perspectives and Constraints. Journal of Cleaner Production, 243, 118360. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118360.
Gibbert, W., Wicki, B., & Gibbert, M. (2008). What Passes as a Rigorous Case Study? Strategic Management Journal, 29(13). DOI: 10.1002/smj.722.
Guckenbiehl, P., & Corral de Zubielqui, G. (2022). Start-ups’ business model changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Counteracting adversities and pursuing opportunities. International Small Business Journal, 40 (2), 150–177. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426211055447
Henry, M., Hoogenstrijd, T., & Kirchherr, J. (2022). Motivations and identities of “grassroots” circular entrepreneurs: An initial exploration. Business Strategy and the Environment 1-20. DOI: 10.1002/bse.3097
Henry, M., Bauwens, T., Hekkert, M., & Kirchherr, J. (2020). A typology of circular start-ups: An Analysis of 128 circular business models. Journal of Cleaner Production, 245, 118528. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118528
Katafuchi, Y., Kurita, K., & Managi, S. (2020). COVID-19 with stigma: Theory and evidence from mobility data. Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, 5 (1), 71-95. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41885-020-00077-w
Kim, K. C., ElTarabishy, A., & Bae, Z.T. (2018). Humane entrepreneurship: How focusing on people can drive a new era of wealth and quality job creation in a sustainable world. Journal of Small Business Management, 56, 10-29. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12431
Kirchherr, J. W., & Van Santen,R. (2019). Research on the circular economy: A critique of the field. Resources, Conservation & Recycling 151, 104480. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104480
Kurita, K., & Managi, S. (2022). COVID-19 and Stigma: Evolution of Self-restraint behaviour. Dyn Games Appl 12, 168–182. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-022-00426-2
IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021). Climate change, rapid, widespread and intensifying, available online at: https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/ Last accessed: 17/11/2021.
ISO 26000. Social responsibility – 7 core subjects of ISO 26000, available at: https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100259.html. Last accessed: 20/03/2023.
Jakobsen, O., & Zolnai, L. (Eds.) (2017). Integral Ecology and Sustainable Business. Emerald, Bingley, West Yorkshire, UK.
Le, T. T., 2022. How humane entrepreneurship fosters sustainable supply chain management for a circular economy moving towards sustainable corporate performance. Journal of Cleaner Production 368, 133178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133178
Merli, R., & Preziosi, M. (2018). The EMAS impasse: Factors influencing Italian organizations to withdraw or renew the registration. Journal of Cleaner Production 172, 4532-4543. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.031
Molteni, M. (2009). Aziende a movente ideale. In L. Bruni & S. Zamagni (Eds.), Dizionario di Economia Civile (pp. 65–75). Roma: Città Nuova.
Muñoz, P., & Cohen, B., (2017). Sustainable Entrepreneurship Research: Taking Stock and looking ahead. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27 (3) 300-322. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2000
Murmura, F., Liberatore, L., Bravi, L., & Casolani, N. (2018). Evaluation of Italian Companies' Perception About ISO 14001 and Eco Management and Audit Scheme III: Motivations, Benefits and Barriers. Journal of Cleaner Production 174, 691-700. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.337
Nigri G., Del Baldo, M., & Agulini, A. (2020), Governance and accountability models in Italian certified benefit corporations, Corp Soc Responsibility & Environmental Management. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1949
Ostermann, C.M., da Silva Nascimento, L., Steinbruch, F.K., & Callegaro-de-Menezes, D. (2021). Drivers to implement the circular economy in born-sustainable business models: A case study in the fashion industry. Revista de Gestão, 28(3), 223–240. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/REGE-03-2020-0017
Padilla-Rivera, A., Russo-Garrido, S., & Merveille, N. (2020). Addressing the Social Aspects of a Circular Economy: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 12(19), 7912. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197912
Parente, R., El Tarabishy, A., Botti, A., Vesci, M., & Feola, R. (2020). Humane entrepreneurship: Some steps in the development of a measurement scale, Journal of Small Business Management. Doi: 10.1080/00472778.2020.1717292
Parente, R., El Tarabishy, A., Vesci, M., & Botti, A. (2018). The epistemology of humane entrepreneurship: Theory and proposal for future research agenda. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 56, pp. 30-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12432
Passaro, R., Quinto, I. & Thomas, A. (2017). Start-up competitions as learning environment to foster the entrepreneurial process. International Journal of EntrepreneurialBehavior & Research, 23(3), 426-445. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2016-0007
Pencarelli, T., Cesaroni, F. M., & Demartini, P. (2020). Covid-19 and Italian Small and Medium Sized enterprises: Consequences, Threats and Opportunities. Piccola Impresa/Small Business, 3. Doi: https://doi.org/10.14596/pisb.413
Pieroni, M.P.P., McAloone, T.C., & Pigosso, D.C.A. (2019). Business model innovation for circular economy and sustainability: A review of approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 198–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.036
Rok, B., & Kulik, M. (2020). Circular start-up development: the case of positive impact entrepreneurship in Poland. Corporate Governance, available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-01-2020-0043
Sentuti, A., & Cesaroni, F.M. (2021). Do sustainability and food safety stimulate innovation among agri-food entrepreneurs? The experience of Italian innovative startups during the Covid-19 pandemic. Paper presented at 5th PIBS Workshop, 3-4 December 2021, Urbino University Press.
Suchek, N., Ferreira, J. J., & Fernandes, P. O. (2022). A review of entrepreneurship and circular economy research: State of the art and future directions. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(5), 2256–2283. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3020
Uelmen, A.J., & Bruni, L. (2006). Religious Values and Corporate Decision Making: The Economy of Communion Project. Fordham Journal of Corporate and Financial Law. Symposium on Religious Values and Corporate Decision Making, 11, 645-680, Fordham Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 910238, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=910238
Van Langen, K., Vassillo, C., Ghisellini, P., Restaino, D., Passaro, R., Ulgiati, S. (2021). Promoting circular economy transition: A study about perceptions and awareness by different stakeholders groups. Journal of Cleaner Production 316, 128166. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128166
Veleva, V., & Bodkin, G. (2018). Corporate-entrepreneur collaborations to advance a circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 188, 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.196
Wuyts, W., Marin, J., Brusselaers, J., & Vrancken, K. (2020). Circular economy as a COVID-19 cure? Resource, Conservation & Recycling 162, 105016. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.10501
Yoo, S., Keeley, A. R., & Managi, S. (2021). Does sustainability activities performance matter during financial crises? Investigating the case of COVID-19. Energy Policy, 155, 112330. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112330
Zamagni, V. (2016). Perchè il neo-liberalismo non è sostenibile? Quaderni di Economia del lavoro, 106, 13-30 in onore di Luigi Frey.
Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 4.0 Internazionale.
Copyright (c) 2023 Patrizia Ghisellini, Ivana Quinto, Renato Passaro, Sergio Ulgiati